Landscaping and concrete glossary

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#57 stone: Crushed stone about ¾–1 inch, used for drainage and driveway middle layers.
Bag yield: The volume a bag of concrete makes once mixed: 0.6 ft³ for 80 lb.
Bedding sand: The 1-inch sand layer pavers sit on.
Cold joint: A weak seam where fresh concrete meets concrete that already started to set.
Compaction: Settling of gravel or soil under weight; order 10–20% extra for compacted bases.
Crusher run: Crushed stone mixed with stone dust that compacts into a hard surface. Also called #411 or dense grade aggregate.
Cubic yard: 27 cubic feet (3 × 3 × 3 ft). Bulk mulch, soil and concrete are sold by the yard.
Density: Weight per volume, e.g. gravel at about 1.4 tons per cubic yard.
Geotextile fabric: A woven fabric under gravel that keeps it from sinking into soil.
Pea gravel: Small, smooth, rounded stone (about ⅜ in) used for paths and play areas.
Ready-mix: Concrete mixed at a plant and delivered in a drum truck.
Short-load fee: A ready-mix surcharge on orders smaller than the plant’s minimum.
Subgrade: The native soil under a slab or base.
Ton: 2,000 lb. Quarries sell gravel and sand by weight.
Top-dressing: A thin layer of soil or compost spread over a lawn.

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